The Holy Roman Empire extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy.

The Holy Roman Empire extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy.

• A. Northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy
• B. Eastern Europe to the Mediterranean
• C. Britain to Greece
• D. Scandinavia to North Africa

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is where the Holy Roman Empire held political influence across medieval Europe. Its domain centered on German-speaking lands and stretched westward into parts of modern France and the Low Countries, extended northward into areas of western and central Europe, and reached southward into northern Italy and adjacent regions. It never covered the Iberian Peninsula, so stating that it stretched to northern Spain isn’t accurate. Among the choices, the one that locates its presence across western Europe from the German heartland toward northern Italy best fits the empire’s actual pattern. The other described extents—east into Europe toward the Mediterranean, across Britain to Greece, or from Scandinavia to North Africa—do not reflect where the empire was established or exercised power.

The main idea being tested is where the Holy Roman Empire held political influence across medieval Europe. Its domain centered on German-speaking lands and stretched westward into parts of modern France and the Low Countries, extended northward into areas of western and central Europe, and reached southward into northern Italy and adjacent regions. It never covered the Iberian Peninsula, so stating that it stretched to northern Spain isn’t accurate. Among the choices, the one that locates its presence across western Europe from the German heartland toward northern Italy best fits the empire’s actual pattern. The other described extents—east into Europe toward the Mediterranean, across Britain to Greece, or from Scandinavia to North Africa—do not reflect where the empire was established or exercised power.